Author Rich Ritter is the New Voice of the American West

Rich Ritter is another friend and author in my Author Masterminds group. Rich writes edgy historical fiction and many consider him the new voice of the American West. I don’t need to add anything else to hook you on Rich’s writing. Read this post, and I guarantee you will be an instant fan, clambering to buy all his books. _____________________________________________________________________

Rich Ritter: My Journey to Becoming an Author

Although I resented it at the time, I must now thank my eighth-grade English teacher for two excruciating months of lessons on the arcane subject of sentence diagramming. She aroused a latent desire to write, which eventually blossomed in high school when I was mistakenly chosen—along with two other students—to represent the school in a district-wide writing competition. The contest did not go well because the teacher in charge of our team loathed my uniquely-chaotic prose and forced me to write in the dreary style he preferred. Stunned by failure, but mostly due to a five-year diversion to study architecture, I did not submit my first short story for publication until the year after college. I would offer proof of this significant event, but I have since misplaced the rejection letter from the Atlantic Monthly.

I wrote extensively during the next twenty-five years, producing many important works of literature including A Proposal for Professional Services for the Dzantik’I Heeni Middle School, The West Douglas Planning Study, and Technical Specifications for the New Juneau Police Station, to name a few notable works. I did not rediscover fiction—although my competitors might argue this point—until the age of 49. My wife and I adopted our sons in 1983 and 1985, which eventually led to family upheaval and the attendance at four multiday sleep-depravation seminars. During the second seminar, the facilitator challenged us to commit to a “big bodacious goal.” This goal theoretically represented our true purpose in life. When I awoke the next morning, I foolishly scribbled on the little piece of paper next to the hotel phone that I would write a novel. However, I may have overdone the exercise because when we each announced our goals at the seminar the woman sitting next to me promised to take a multi-vitamin every day for a year.

I commenced within the week. Five long years later, I self-published Toil Under the Sun, a novel of the Korean War and an adopted son who does not believe he is worthy of love. Although I spent countless hours researching (even learning to operate and shoot an M-1 Garand without cutting off my thumb), much of my inspiration derived from my father, who served as a First Lieutenant with the U.S. Army in Korea, and my oldest son, who served as a sergeant with the U.S. Marine Corps in Iraq. My younger son provided source material as well, in his own way. When book sales did not go well, I embarked on a six-month effort to find a literary agent. I wrote numerous query letters, sent numerous emails, made numerous phone calls, and produced only one glimmer of interest from a New York agent who was on a desperate search for “Chic Lit approximately 80,000 words long.” When I told her that Toil Under the Sun clocked in at 133,000 words, our conversation quickly ended.

Undaunted, I decided to plunge into my next project: a novel of the west set in Silver City, Idaho during the late 1800s. Concerned about the effort required to produce Toil Under the Sun, my wife suggested I take a break and write something “smaller and funner,” possibly set in Juneau during the time of the great gold mines. I followed her counsel, and one year later completed the manuscript for Heart of Abigail: A Lyric Novella of Juneau, Douglas and Treadwell. At 28,000 words though, my writing speed had not increased. Unsatisfied with the previous self-publishing and literary agent results, I began fishing around for a publisher in Alaska by reading the “published by” information on book covers at local bookstores. I eventually found an interested publisher in Homer, but I declined after the editor told me that she would “…bleed all over my manuscript, but I can’t start until next spring.” A bit discouraged, I found myself wandering down the book aisle (after browsing the food carts) at the local Costco. A very handsome paperback caught my eye, and when I looked on the back I noted “Publication Consultants” in Anchorage. I called the owner, a man of integrity named Evan Swensen, and Heart of Abigail was published four months later.

Having satisfied my wife’s desire for something “smaller and funner,” I embarked on Nor Things to Come: A Novel of the American West. Another five years and more than 268,000 words later, I submitted the manuscript to Evan. He reviewed my work, then called me on the phone to let me know that no one would pay for a book this big from an unknown author. My wife stepped in once again to propose a solution. She suggested I publish the book as a trilogy because the story was already organized in three parts. Evan declared the idea “brilliant” and prompted me the get to work right away. I originally assumed very little effort would be required, but four months and five revisions later I submitted The Perilous Journey Begins, the first book of Nor Things to Come: A Trilogy of the American West. The second book, Gathering of the Clans, followed in six months. I do not yet have a title for the third book, but I know something interesting will eventually pop into my head—or maybe my wife will suggest a title: she has come through before when I needed help.

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Thank you, Rich! I think it always pays to listen to your wife! Be sure to check out Rich’s books, and while you are at it, you might want to buy two copies of each book because they would make great Christmas presents! You can find Rich’s books at Author Masterminds, Amazon, and other online booksellers.

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Robin Barefield is the author of three Alaska wilderness mystery novels, Big Game, Murder Over Kodiak, and The Fisherman’s Daughter. To download a free copy of one of her novels, watch her webinar about how she became an author and why she writes Alaska wilderness mysteries.  Also, sign up below to subscribe to her free, monthly newsletter on true murder and mystery in Alaska.

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Thanksgiving in Ravens Cove

Happy Thanksgiving to those of you in the U.S. I think it’s a wonderful idea no matter where we live to take a day, or better yet, several days throughout the year to consider everything and everyone in our lives for which we are thankful. We are all busy and are bombarded by negative news reports, political scare tactics, vicious elections, and the knowledge violence can happen anywhere at any time. It is easy to lose track of what is important and good in our lives.

This week, in honor of Thanksgiving, I have a special treat for you. My friend and fellow author, Mary Ann Poll, has shared with me an inside look at how the residents of Ravens Cove, Alaska celebrate Thanksgiving.

Mary Ann writes spine-tingling novels about the clash between good and evil. Ravens Cove is the first novel in her Iconoclast Mystery series, and it takes place in the fictional town of Ravens Cove, Alaska.

Kat, the protagonist in Ravens Cove, wrote this post, and she describes Thanksgiving in a small, Alaska town. Kat mentions that the dishes her relatives serve for the Thanksgiving feast come from a variety of cultures and traditions, making the meal truly Alaskan and emulating the “first” Thanksgiving which was also a blending of cultures.

Mary Ann will write a guest post for me in a few weeks, and I know this post by Kat will have you excited to read about Mary Ann and her books. Take it away, Kat.

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Happy Thanksgiving from Ravens Cove, Alaska

Today is a cold one for this time of year. Usually, we are around thirty-four degrees, but today our forecast is for the mid-twenties and a north wind, which means I’ll be pulling out the Army-green parka and clunky boots. On the bright side, the cold means fair skies…after 9:30 a.m. when the sun peaks out from behind the mountains. But, I digress. Today the cold is really last on my list of concerns because this is one of my favorite events of the year – Thanksgiving at Grandma’s house.
It seems like half the town gathers at Grandma’s (Alese Bricken for those of you who do not know her) for Thanksgiving. It is the time to catch up with my neighbors. Funny how we live in a small town and in the winter we can still go months without talking to each other.
We will have the traditional American feast but with parts of my Alaska native heritage thrown in – Grandma cannot seem to cook a meal without adding moose to the menu and, of course, smoked salmon for the appetizer. And, there is the pumpkin pie and mincemeat – does anyone know how a mincemeat pie became part of this? – Not my favorite, I’ll tell you! But, I will have a small sliver because Grandma thinks it is good for my bones. And, I choose my battles with Grandma.
May your turkey day be blessed!
Until next time…… Chin’an gheli – for my English-speaking friends: Thank you very much.
Kat

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Thank you, Kat, and thank you, Mary Ann. I am very thankful for you both for writing my post this week, and I love the idea of imagining how my characters spend their holidays! I am also thankful for my blog readers. A few of you have been with me from the beginning, and you hold a special place in my heart, so as Kat said, Chin’an gheli!

 

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Robin Barefield is the author of three Alaska wilderness mystery novels, Big Game, Murder Over Kodiak, and The Fisherman’s Daughter. To download a free copy of one of her novels, watch her webinar about how she became an author and why she writes Alaska wilderness mysteries. Also, sign up below to subscribe to her free, monthly newsletter on true murder and mystery in Alaska.


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My Life as an Author

It has been a while since I’ve posted about my life as an author, and I’d like to share news about some exciting writing opportunities I’ve been offered in the last few months.

Autumn is a busy time at our lodge, and I have little extra time to do anything. When I take a break, I usually fall asleep, so I haven’t written as much as I’d planned this fall. I have received some interesting invitations, though, and they have reignited my passion for succeeding as an author.

I was surprised and honored when Krishna Prasad, the editor for The Wagon Magazine, invited me to publish my mystery newsletters as a monthly column in his magazine. He even provided this logo for me to use. A few weeks later, the editor of True Crime: Case Files ezine asked me to submit an article. I sent her one of my mystery stories, and she accepted it for publication in the winter issue.

As the number of subscribers for my newsletter grows, I feel I’m beginning to reap the rewards of the many hours of hard work I’ve put into writing the newsletters, and I can’t wait to see what awaits down the road for my true crime stories. I hope before long to compile the stories into a book (or two).

Several of the authors I’ve invited to write guest posts on my site over the last few weeks are members of a group I belong to called Author Masterminds. We all have the same publisher (Publication Consultants), and the group consists of approximately thirty authors. We meet once a week via Zoom, an Internet meeting interface. Our group includes authors from Alaska, Texas, Florida, Michigan, Idaho, and other U.S. States, as well as from South Africa and Gibraltar. We write in many different genres, and I don’t think any two of us write in the same genre. We range in age from 16 to 75 and have very little in common other than a passion for writing and a dream to have others read what we write.

When I first joined this group, I felt honored to be invited. Our first meetings were quiet as we got to know each other, but as the group has expanded, we’ve all become more verbose. I have grown attached to the people in this group and feel especially close to the few I’ve been with since the beginning. We have supported each other through medical issues and family worries, and we’ve laughed a great deal as we’ve shared our clumsy attempts at marketing. A few members of the group make me laugh whenever I hear their voices.

It’s always nice to form a bond and belong to a group with others who share your passion, but for me, it’s a special treat. I live in the middle of the wilderness, and I have no one to talk to about writing and promoting my writing. It is invaluable to spend an hour a week with other authors who understand my dreams, confusion, and insecurities when it comes to the modern world of writing and publicity. I look forward each week to our meetings, but with our limited Internet out here in the wilds of Kodiak Island, I can only attend the meetings by audio, not video, so I refer to myself as the voice in the darkness. Some of our African colleagues face the same bandwidth restrictions I do, so we hang out with each other in the shadows.

Our publisher has recently hired a marketing specialist for us, and we are developing a book club Our club will differ from most book clubs because we, the authors, want to interact with our readers, get to know them and find out what they think about our books. I’m excited to invite readers to join our club, and I hope we can pull together an involved group. I’ll let you know how it goes, and I will provide a link to our club once we are organized. I hope all of you will join us.

Next week, Rich Ritter, a member of our Author Masterminds group who writes edgy historical fiction, will be my guest blogger. Rich is a talented author, and I know you will find him as fascinating as I do.

For now, my wilderness friends and I want to wish you a great week.

 

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Robin Barefield is the author of three Alaska wilderness mystery novels, Big Game, Murder Over Kodiak, and The Fisherman’s Daughter. To download a free copy of one of her novels, watch her webinar about how she became an author and why she writes Alaska wilderness mysteries. If you like audiobooks, check out her audiobook version of Murder Over Kodiak. Also, sign up below to subscribe to her free, monthly newsletter on true murder and mystery in Alaska.

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What Do Sea Otters Eat?

As I told you last week, a sea otter burns calories at a rapid rate to help maintain its body temperature in its home in the cold North Pacific. It consumes between 23 and 33 percent of its body weight per day, so a fifty-pound otter eats 11 to 16 lbs. (5 to 7.3 kg) of food every day. Where does a sea otter find this much food, and what do they eat?

Sea otters are known to consume more than 150 different prey species, mostly slow-moving benthic invertebrates such as mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms, but if they are hungry enough, they also sometimes eat fish and even seabirds. Sea otters are the only marine animals capable of lifting and turning over rocks in search of prey and the only marine mammal that catches fish with its forepaws rather than with its teeth.

Sea Otter Eating an Octopus

Studies done in southeast Alaska, Prince William Sound, and near Kodiak Island indicate that clams are the primary and preferred prey of sea otters in these regions. Clams constituted anywhere from 34% to 100% of the diet of sea otters near Kodiak. In areas where clams are less plentiful, and in areas where otters have depleted the clam populations, mussels and sea urchins comprise a larger percentage of otters’ diets. Crabs are also important prey species where they are available. On the west side of Kodiak Island, we see otters eating clams, scallops, crab, and octopus. Sea otters’ diets vary not only from one location to another and in response to available prey species, but also because individual otters have different food preferences, and a mother often passes on her fondness for certain foods to her pup.

A sea otter has a loose pouch of skin under each foreleg where it can store food collected on a dive. When the otter returns to the surface, it can rest on its back and leisurely retrieve one piece of food after another from its pouch. In addition to food, the sea otter also stores a rock in one of its pouches. The otter can use the rock underwater to pry loose mussels or other attached bivalves or to dislodge sea urchins wedged in crevices. When floating on the surface, the otter places the rock on its chest and pounds crabs, snails, clams, and other prey against the rock to break through the tough shells. Sea otters are one of the few animals other than humans known to use tools.

Sea Otter Eating a King Crab

Sea otters are very efficient at finding and eating shellfish, and where large groups of sea otters reside, they reduce populations of abalones, clams, and sea urchins to the point where a commercial fishery for these species in the area is not viable. This competition between sea otters and fishermen creates a conflict which cannot be easily resolved by fish and wildlife managers.

Sea otters are considered a “Keystone” species, meaning they affect the ecosystem to a much greater degree than their numbers would suggest. Sea otters protect kelp forests off Northern California by eating herbivores such as sea urchins that graze on the kelp. In turn, the kelp forests provide food and cover for many other species of animals, and kelp forests play an important role in capturing carbon and reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. Without sea otters, urchins over-graze the kelp, throwing the ecosystem out of balance.

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Robin Barefield is the author of three Alaska wilderness mystery novels, Big Game, Murder Over Kodiak, and The Fisherman’s Daughter. To download a free copy of one of her novels, watch her webinar about how she became an author and why she writes Alaska wilderness mysteries. If you like audiobooks, check out her audiobook version of Murder Over Kodiak. Also, sign up below to subscribe to her free, monthly newsletter on true murder and mystery in Alaska.

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Sign Up for my free, monthly Mystery Newsletter about true crime in Alaska.

 

How Do Sea Otters Stay Warm?

Northern sea otters (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) are common in the waters surrounding Kodiak Island. Our summer guests love watching and photographing these cute, curious animals as we pass by them in our boat. Some otters lie placidly on their backs and watch us motor past, and others dive from the perceived danger we create. A few otters repeatedly twist and turn in the water or turn summersaults, and we laugh at their comical antics. The truth is, though, sea otters don’t turn summersaults because they are having fun; these movements have the much more practical application of keeping the animals warm.

A marine mammal must maintain a body temperature near 100° F (37.8° C), and in Alaska, where the water temperature drops as low as 35° F (1.67° C), keeping warm can be a challenge. Other marine mammals have a thick layer of blubber to insulate themselves from the cold, but sea otters have very little fat and depend mainly on their fur for insulation. Sea otters have the thickest fur of any animal, with 850,000 to one million hairs per square inch (up to 150,000 per square centimeter). It is their dense, beautiful fur that made them so valuable to fur traders in the 1700’s and 1800’s.

A sea otter’s fur consists of two layers. Long guard hairs form the outer layer, providing a protective coat to keep the underfur dry. The extremely dense underfur provides warmth, but for the fur to insulate efficiently, it must be clean, so sea otters spend a large portion of each day grooming and cleaning their fur.

In addition to cleaning his fur, an otter will somersault in the water and rub his body to trap air bubbles in his fur. These bubbles not only provide insulation but also help to keep his skin dry. An otter’s underfur ranges from brown to black, and the guard hairs vary from light brown to silver or black. Alaskan sea otters often have lighter fur on their heads, and the fur usually lightens as an otter gets older.

In addition to their warm fur, sea otters maintain their body heat by burning calories at a rapid rate. A sea otter’s metabolism is two to three times higher than the metabolism of a similar-sized land mammal. Because its metabolic rate is so high, a sea otter must eat 23 to 33 percent of its body weight each day. This means a fifty-pound otter will eat 11 to 16 lbs. (5 to 7.3 kg) of food every day.

Because very little fur covers an otter’s paws, they lose heat rapidly when submerged in cold water, otters conserve heat by keeping their forepaws out of the water and their hind flippers folded over their abdomens when resting and floating.

Since sea otters are dependent on their fur to keep them warm and insulated from the cold ocean water, and because they must continually groom their fur to maintain its insulating properties, they are extremely vulnerable to the effects of pollution. When oil or another pollutant soils an otter’s fur, the fur becomes matted, and it can no longer keep the animal warm. Matted fur can lead to hypothermia and death from exposure. When the otter tries to clean his fur to remove the pollutant, he ingests the toxin, which is also often fatal.

When the Exxon Valdez struck a reef in Prince William Sound in 1989 and spilled eleven million gallons of crude oil, nearly 1000 sea otter carcasses were recovered, and biologists estimated the actual number of sea otters killed by the oil spill was anywhere from 41% to 80% higher than the number of dead otters observed.

Sea otters have many interesting adaptations to a life spent in the ocean. In this post, I told you how much sea otters need to eat each day just to stay warm, and next week, I’ll write about what sea otters eat and how they catch and eat their prey.

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Robin Barefield is the author of three Alaska wilderness mystery novels, Big Game, Murder Over Kodiak, and The Fisherman’s Daughter. To download a free copy of one of her novels, watch her webinar about how she became an author and why she writes Alaska wilderness mysteries. If you like audiobooks, check out her audiobook version of Murder Over Kodiak. Also, sign up below to subscribe to her free, monthly newsletter on true murder and mystery in Alaska.

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Steve Levi, Author and Historian

This week, I want to welcome my friend and fellow author, Steve Levi. Steve is an Alaska historian and a fount of information about Alaska, past, and present. When I need an idea for one of my true-crime newsletters, I ask Steve, and the ideas fly from him so quickly, I can barely keep up with him. I know you will find Steve and his books as fascinating as I do, so take it away, Steve Levi!

Steve Levi: Master of the Impossible Crime

My motto is simple: “If you do not write something unique you have nothing.” As a writer, I look for what has not been done. After all, the last thing the world needs is one more biography of George Washington or the personal tribulations of a retired detective fighting alcoholism and struggling through a divorce when he/she gets called back for his/her ‘greatest case.’

Keeping with my motto, I want every one of my books to be different. In nonfiction, as an example, I am the only writer to have completed a book on the CLARA NEVADA, Alaska’s ghost ship. It sinks in the Lynn Canal in February of 1898 and ten years later comes back up – missing about $17 million in gold in today’s dollars. My biography of bush pilot Archie Ferguson – dubbed “The Craziest Pilot in the World” by the Saturday Evening Post—was and is the only one in existence and only possible because I took a dozen trips north of Arctic Circle to interview Inupiat Eskimo and whites who knew him. Ferguson died in 1962 and my interviews, on tape, will be around for the next century for anyone who wants a birds’ eye view of the Arctic from the 1920s to the 1960s. I am one of the few people in America – and possibly the only person – who has studied the long-term impact of a terrorist bomb on an American civilian population and my history of the Alaska Gold Rush was the first to make certain readers knew the Klondike Strike in the Yukon Territory of Canada was not the Alaska Gold Rush AND the stories of Jack London and poems of Robert Service have nothing to do with the Alaska Gold Rush.

Just as in nonfiction, I want my fiction to be unique. As far as I know, I am the only writer who produces “impossible crime” novels. An impossible crime in one where the detective has to solve HOW the crime was committed before he can go after the perpetrators. In THE MATTER OF THE VANISHING GREYHOUND, the San Francisco Police are following a Greyhound bus filled with $10 million in cash, four bank robbers and a dozen hostages. The bank robbers demand to cross the Golden Gate Bridge and the police simply allow the bus to roll onto the bridge and then close off both ends. But when they send their hostage negotiators out to the bus it is not there. It has vanished. How can you make a Greyhound bus disappear off the Golden Gate Bridge? You’ll have to read the book to find out! [www.authormasterminds.com.]
When I have to be conventional – as in a mystery with a murder – I make it as convoluted as possible. My novel DEAD MEN DO COME BACK has a murder but the murder is not the focus of the book. The murder – and subsequent reappearance of the cadaver twice – is simply the cover for two robberies of 250 pounds of gold from a mine in Juneau. Thus DEAD MEN DO COME BACK is unique as it offers the reader an on-the-ground look at the Alaska Gold Rush in Southeast Alaska where 250 pounds of gold was simply one-week’s shipment from one mine. Additionally, DEAD MEN DO COME BACK is a novel where the villains, multiple, get away with it because it is a “silent robbery,’ one where the insurance company pays and ‘everything goes away.’ That, in the real life, is a lot more common than one would believe.

If you are a writer, I have some VERY, VERY good news for you! We are entering a golden age of literature. Why? Because, to date, big publishers do not publish good books. They publish books they think will sell. So good books sit in author’s computers. If you don’t believe me, try to find a “mystery” book in a bookstore that is not a murder. If it is not a murder, the big New York “mystery” publishers will not consider it. So I had to go around the Big Publishers. And I was successful because now readers are looking for unusual novels. Readers are no longer satisfied with the same old/same old that has been offered by the bookstores and silver screen. They want different. And they are lucky. Today, with the advent of Netflix, YouTube and other low-budget entertainment outlets, there are increasing opportunities for writers – as long as those writers have unique offerings. And allow me to finish where I began. If you want to be successful in this brave new world of literature, you have to be different. To quote myself, “If you do not write something unique you have nothing.”

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Thank you, Steve Levi! Check out Steve’s website, his Author Masterminds page  where you can buy his books, and his Amazon author’s page. If you would like to learn more about Steve, watch his webinar about how he became a published author, and if you stay until the end of the webinar, you will be able to download one of Steve’s books for free. Don’t miss Steve’s Impossible Crime books because they truly are unique.

How Can You Tell if a Kodiak Bear is a Male or a Female?

Unlike cartoon bears, female Kodiak bears don’t wear hair ribbons on their head, so you must depend on other factors when trying to differentiate a male from a female bear. Last week, when I wrote about how to judge the size of a bear, I covered some of the ways body shape and musculature vary between males and females, but I will cover body shape and other clues in more detail this week.

Does the Bear Have Cubs?

This statement seems so obvious to me that I almost forgot to mention it. I’m sure most of you know male bears do not hang around with cubs. Regardless of what you might have seen in the movies, a Kodiak bear accompanying cubs is always their mother.

Do you see sex organs?

Minus cubs, there are only two sure ways to determine the sex of a Kodiak bear. The first is the presence of either nipples or a penis sheath and testicles. Even if you don’t see her cubs, you might see nipples in the armpit area of a nursing female when she walks. While often not visible, you sometimes see the penis sheath and testicles on a male, especially on a large boar.

Have you seen the bear urinate?

The only other way to be certain of the sex of the bear is to watch it urinate. Females urinate outward and to the rear, while males urinate straight down or forward between the legs. Females also sometimes squat to urinate.

Head and Shoulders:

If you do not see cubs or sex organs, and if the bear is not cooperative enough to urinate in front of you, you will have to depend on other clues to make an educated guess at the sex of the bear. Some of these are the same body shape differences I covered last week when I discussed how to determine the size of a bear.

A female brown bear’s head is narrower than a male’s, and her muzzle tapers, giving her a pointy nose. A female also has narrow shoulders roughly the same size as the head. Male Kodiak bears are more muscular than females. A male has a wide head and a square face. A large male’s forehead muscles bulge, creating a furrow or valley down the center of the forehead, and his massive shoulders are noticeably wider than his head.

Body Shape and Legs:

An adult female brown bear’s legs are shorter and thinner than the legs of an adult male, but unless you are comparing two bears standing side by side, it is not easy to determine the sex of the bear by looking at its legs. Males have robust front legs, and they are heavy through the ankles, ending at their wide feet. A female’s legs taper slightly, giving her the appearance of thinner ankles. Also, because females have shorter legs, their bodies hang lower to the ground.

The body, legs, and mid-section of a male brown bear look heavy and bulky, but since females aren’t exactly dainty in appearance, it is difficult and often misleading to use body shape to determine the sex of a bear. My husband, who had been around Kodiak bears all his life and has been a guide most of his life, says he is still sometimes surprised when he watches a young bear he is certain is a female until the bear urinates, and he realizes it’s a male.

Conclusion:

Unless a bear has cubs, you see her nipples or his genitalia, or you see the bear urinate, it is impossible definitively to differentiate male and female Kodiak bears. A huge bear is probably a boar, but large sows can also look huge, especially after a summer gorging on fish and berries.
The body shape of a bear provides clues to its gender. A heavy, bulky bear with a wide head and shoulders and a furrow down the middle of its forehead, is likely a male. It is more difficult, though, to distinguish sub-adult males from females.

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I hope my posts on bear size and gender answer a few questions about identifying bears in the field. The bottom line is that it’s impossible to pin down the gender of a bear from a distance, but you should be able to tell whether the bear is small or large by looking at the shape of its body.

Next week, I have a treat in store for you. My friend and fellow author, Steve Levi, has agreed to write a guest post about his books and his background. Be sure to stop by next week and meet Steve.

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Robin Barefield is the author of three Alaska wilderness mystery novels, Big Game, Murder Over Kodiak, and The Fisherman’s Daughter. To download a free copy of one of her novels, watch her webinar about how she became an author and why she writes Alaska wilderness mysteries. If you like audiobooks, check out her audiobook version of Murder Over Kodiak. Also, sign up below to subscribe to her free, monthly newsletter on true murder and mystery in Alaska.

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Sign Up for my free, monthly Mystery Newsletter about true crime in Alaska.

 

 

How Do You Estimate the Size of a Kodiak Bear?

When our summer guests see a bear, they immediately want to know its size. They ask, “How much does it weigh?” or, “Is it a big bear or a small bear?” If you see a Kodiak bear ten feet in front of you on a trail, it looks huge, but the same bear walking along the beach a mile away appears small. Guides who have spent years watching bears can easily tell you whether a bear is big, small, or medium-sized, but it’s not easy even for an experienced guide to judge the exact size of a bear from a distance. In this week’s post, I will discuss the indicators a guide uses to judge the relative size of a bear, but first, let me share some facts about the weight of Kodiak bears at different ages as they grow.

Kodiak bears gain weight and add fat in the summer when food is abundant, and then they burn off this fat during hibernation, so their weights vary from fall to spring. Yearling cubs weigh approximately 135 lbs (61.36 kg). When they are two-and one-half-years old, males begin to outgrow the females, and weights vary greatly. Females reach their full adult size at approximately five years when they weigh between 350 and 500 lbs. (159.09 – 227.27 kg). Males continue to grow, gaining about 100 lbs. (45.45 kg) per year until they are eight to ten years old and weigh 500 to 1000 lbs. (227.27 – 454.54 kg). In the wild, an 800 lb. ( 362.87 kg) female would be a huge sow, and a 1500 lb. ( 680.39 kg) male is a maximum-sized Kodiak bear. The largest Kodiak bear on record lived in the Cheyenne Mountain Zoo and weighed 1670 lbs. (757 kg.).

When you see a bear on a salmon stream or watch him through binoculars, you might not be able to determine how big he is, but you should be able to tell whether he or she is relatively large or small.

Shape:

Look at the bear’s overall shape. Does the bear appear square or rectangular? Young, small bears look square from a distance, while larger Kodiak bears have a rectangular shape. A larger, older boar also appears bulky through the rump and midsection.

Legs:

Are the bear’s legs long or short, and thin or heavy?

Big males have long legs. The front legs on a large male appear heavy and do not taper at the ankles. A young male brown bear also has long legs, but they look lanky, not thick and heavy. A Female, even an old female, has shorter legs, making her body appear closer to the ground. A female’s front legs taper at the ankles.

Head Neck and Shoulders:

Note the size of the ears in relation to the rest of the head. The ears on a large male or female bear appear small compared to the rest of the head, and on a large male, the ears appear wide-set. The ears on a young, small bear look large in comparison to the rest of the head and seem closer together. Now, look at the shape of the head. A large boar has a wide, square face with a thick, heavy muzzle. A sow has a small, narrow head with a tapered muzzle, and a young bear has a long, triangular head.

The massive muscles on the head of a large boar create a furrow down the middle of the forehead, and its muscular shoulders are wider than its head. A female has narrow shoulders the same width as her head, and a young bear has a long, relatively thin neck.

Claws:

Old, big bears of either sex often have distinctive white claws, but a male can be big without being old, so a big boar might have dark claws, and occasionally, a younger, smaller bear has white claws.

Conclusion:

If you’ve never seen a Kodiak bear in the wild, how can you tell if it has small ears, broad shoulders, or tapered ankles? If you see several bears at once, you can study and note the physical differences between big bears and smaller, younger bears, but if you see a single bear walking the beach, these general clues to size might not help you. My husband has been a bear guide for most of his life, and he says the best clues are:

1. The shape: is the bear rectangular (large) or square (small)?
2. Does the bear appear bulky and muscular (large) or does it have long, lanky limbs (small)?
3. Finally, and this point is often overlooked, how does the bear move? Watch the bear awhile. Does he walk or run in jerky movements (small), or are his movements slow and deliberate (large)?

Examine the photos in this post. Can you tell which bears are large and which are small?

Next week, I’ll share some clues on how to differentiate between male and female Kodiak bears. It’s not as easy as you might think, and unlike in the cartoons, females don’t wear bows in their hair.

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Robin Barefield is the author of three Alaska wilderness mystery novels, Big Game, Murder Over Kodiak, and The Fisherman’s Daughter. To download a free copy of one of her novels, watch her webinar about how she became an author and why she writes Alaska wilderness mysteries. If you like audiobooks, check out her audiobook version of Murder Over Kodiak. Also, sign up below to subscribe to her free, monthly newsletter on true murder and mystery in Alaska.

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Look Around You

Look at the cloud-draped mountains, the small buck prancing through our backyard, or the eagle standing watch in the tree. Did you see the brightly colored puffin, or the sea otter lounging on her back, her baby nestled on her stomach? Did you notice the seals hauled out on the beach, two of them bloody from fighting, or did you stay up late one night to watch a beautiful Alaska sunset?

As many of you know, my husband and I own a small wilderness lodge on Kodiak Island, Alaska. In the summer, we take guests wildlife viewing and sportfishing, with an emphasis on watching Kodiak bears in their natural habitat. One thing I have noticed over the years is the guests who have the best time at our lodge are those who see everything. They are the ones who show me their photos at the end of the day and are embarrassed by all the images of rock formations they snapped. They are also the ones who admit they didn’t take any pictures of the whales because they just wanted to look, listen, smell, and feel the experience instead of watching it all through their camera’s viewfinder.

The guest who sheds a few tears when she talks about a bear splashing in the water twenty feet from her and the guest who was thrilled by watching through binoculars from a distance as a sow interacted with her three cubs are the guests we will see again. They will return in a year or two or ten because they won’t be able to get the sights, the sounds, or the smells of this beautiful place out of their heads.

Nearly 75% of our guests this summer were returnees, and many of them have been to our lodge multiple times. They’ve been here when the bear viewing was spectacular, and when bears were scarce. They’ve been here during great fishing years and years when the fish were slow to bite, and some years they’ve seen whales, while other years they haven’t. They’ve braved storms and basked in the sun. They’ve seen it all, but they keep returning because they have never focused on just one thing and lost sight of the big picture.

One guest this summer who has been here multiple times told me she and her husband have never had a rainy day here. I’m sure she must be either extremely lucky or mistaken, but I love that she and her husband only remember the sunshine!

No matter where you travel or what adventure you seek, if you narrow your focus too much, you will miss what is right in front of you. Instead, look around, and you might be surprised by what you see. The things that please you most and makes you fall in love with a destination could be something entirely different from what you were expecting.

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Robin Barefield is the author of three Alaska wilderness mystery novels, Big Game, Murder Over Kodiak, and The Fisherman’s Daughter. To download a free copy of one of her novels, watch her webinar about how she became an author and why she writes Alaska wilderness mysteries. If you like audiobooks, check out her audiobook version of Murder Over Kodiak. Also, sign up below to subscribe to her free, monthly newsletter on true murder and mystery in Alaska.

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T. Martin O’Neil – from Naval Intelligence Officer to Popular Author

The following is a guest post by my friend and fellow author T. Martin O’Neil and his journey from a  Naval Intelligence Officer to a popular author. I know you will enjoy his story as much as I did. Take it away Marty!

Thoughts About the Origin of My Background and Naval Career

by T. Martin O’Neil

It was a tense moment. Just plain and simple. Sweat glistened off my forehead forming bigger and bigger blobs until, unabated, it formed a torrent of rivulets streaking my camouflage skin paint. Sweat stung my red-rimmed eyes as I lay pressed into the surrounding clumps of grass, leaves, debris and tropical plant-life. There were no sounds of life. No sounds of monkeys, birds or even insects.

The two men I watched were not more than 30-meters away. I knew they were talking, albeit in low voices, but the sound of their words seemed to die as the words left their lips. The oppressive humidity and heat made every effort to become part of my surroundings futile. If just a bird had flown by, the movement of air from its wings would have spelled welcome relief. Instead, nothing.

One man lit a Chinese cigarette. The acrid, bitter smoke enveloped his head like an ethereal cloud. Even he could not stand the fumes and moved out of the way of the smoke-screen. His companion laughed lightly and teased his buddy. Both men side-stepped away from the brownish cloud.

A small python moved silently and stealthily away from the clearing the men stood in. Its small tongue flicking quickly from the end of its snout smelling, no doubt, its potential dinner.

My thoughts flashed randomly as to how I came to be in this place. Initially I wanted to be in Naval Aviation. I’d gone to Pensacola, Florida, to attend flight school. It was my dream even as a child to fly as my father had flown. He’d flown during World War II for the Navy, and I really wanted to do the same now.

While at flight school, I’d done quite well. Unfortunately my eyesight limited my choice to being a Naval Flight Officer but I still could fly “back seat” in the F-4 Phantom II. School progressed and I was fortunate enough to be top man in my class. This meant that I could have my first choice of any available assignments. I wanted to stay flying.

The time frame I speak of was in 1970, after the 2nd Tet Offensive in Vietnam and the whole war effort was being drawn down in a new tactic called Vietnamization. We were turning the war over to the benefactors of our support, the South Vietnamese.

It seemed the Communist North Vietnamese knew they could not defeat the far superior U.S./South Vietnamese forces militarily, so they resorted to the tactics that had worked so well with the French. Namely, they took the fight to the homelands using the dupes in the news media and liberal educational fields to subvert the military. After all, it worked before and appeared to working this time. Politicians, citizens and even the military were being badgered by the communists and were capitulating.

Vietnamization meant that the military was winding down its activities in the U.S. “Pipelines” were filled with men and women waiting to serve, but with no places to go. In its usual myopic way, the military just folded up its tent and walked away from thousands of students it had trained and paid for like so much trash left on the curb on garbage pick-up day. This meant in my case that I had two choices, go home or pick another field that still was available.

The draft had not gone away. My draft board was in Chicago. Because my draft number had already been called, if I went home, in spite of my education, degree and the flight training I’d been given, I could feasibly be made into so much cannon fodder.

Of the fields that remained open, however, Intelligence was the closest to my education. Less than two weeks later I found myself off to Denver, Colorado, to attend the Armed Forces Air Intelligence School at Lowry AFB.

Again, while there, I was fortunate enough to finish top of my class and had my choice of assignments. I chose to work not with the aviation commands, but with the Amphibious Forces. This gave me a chance to immediately have my own shop. Most junior naval officers worked in shops as trainees. In my situation, I was able to act as the shop director. This paid huge dividends later in my career. Instead of reacting to orders, I was able to see situations and direct solutions to those issues. I learned with OJT and not with browbeating and hazing-like experiences so common to other situations.

While assigned to the Amphibious Forces, I was introduced to flag officers that ultimately changed my life. I became acquainted with the head of all inshore activities in South Vietnam, termed the brown-water Navy. We hit it off and the door opened to work with Naval Special Warfare teams in Southeast Asia. My first experience was with SEAL Team One.

SEAL Team One was charged with the interdiction of weapons and supplies to South Vietnam from North Vietnam. The only catch phrase that seemed to change our charge was “and other duties as assigned.” It is these other duties I write about in my books.

Hollywood casts a cloud of farce on everything related to SEALS. If it is associated with SEALS, it means death, destruction and wanton killing. This is not the truth and in most cases reflects very little of the truth. SEALS are trained to accomplish their assignments and leave no one behind. Sometimes, it does mean killing enemies, but Hollywood wants viewers to see these men in only one way; cold killers. My books reflect the humanitarian efforts they performed.

As an Intelligence Officer, my duties centered on the planning and execution assistance of these men. Because of my relationship with the operators, I received opportunities to work reconnaissance operations with them. The stories in my books reflect my fieldwork, many of which were counter-narcotics and counter-human smuggling. The counter-piracy stories were added because our assignments were never dull or routine. Some of the events were adjusted to fit the time-frame of my books but all are based on fact; so much so, that my books have to be vetted by members of the Office of Naval Intelligence to ensure I don’t inadvertently use information that has not been declassified.

My books reflect the beginning of a 35-year career that I truly enjoyed. I know I made a difference. I have the satisfaction of knowing that my children can now read about my contributions. My experiences are more than war stories told around a campfire or plaques on a wall. You and my family can know I made a difference as well.

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I thank you for your service, Marty, and I am happy we all can read about the difference you made and gain a more realistic view of SEALS and their missions. Please follow the following links to read more about and purchase Marty’s books on Amazon: Into The Fire and The Worth of Souls. Marty’s books are also available on Author Masterminds.

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Robin Barefield is the author of three Alaska wilderness mystery novels, Big Game, Murder Over Kodiak, and The Fisherman’s Daughter

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